Introduction: The consumption of cocaine during pregnancy triggers events such as ischemia, death and cell liquefaction in the fetal brain, consolidating varying degrees of intellectual disability. This study proposed to identify by urine drug test the newborns (NB) with antenatal exposure to and describe the clinical and social procedure to follow with them and their mothers until neonatal discharge.
 
Methodology: Prospective cohort study, conducted in RN who met criteria for risk of antenatal exposure to cocaine, Neonatology Unit of the San Borja Arriaran Clinical Hospital between January 2016 -2018.
 
Results: Antenatal exposure to cocaine was confirmed on 64 NB.  Forty-two percent of them were small for gestational age and 33% had microcephaly. Malformations were found in the nervous system urinary tract, as well as disorders in the rhythm of the heart and loss of hearing. Only 32% of mothers controlled her pregnancy, none of them was derived to the secondary. Social Services implemented all the NB protective measures in place and urged mothers to participate in rehabilitation programs. Fifty-two percent rejected rehabilitation and 12.5% of the NB have not family support and had to be referred to government institutions.

Conclusions: The consequences of exposure to antenatal cocaine in the NB are devastating. This work allows orienting the research with the NB and showing the legal steps should be taken with the RN and their mothers.