USO DE CORTICOIDES ANTENATALES EN PREMATUROS TARDÍOS: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
Catalina Alcalde Cornejo¹ Antonia Bayo Burgos¹, Ignacio Lillo Cabrera^1,2, Scarlett Brethauer Meier^3
1 Interno de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
² Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes (Imhay), Santiago, Chile.
³ Neonatóloga, Hospital San José, Instructor Adjunto Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.

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Introduction: Numerous clinical guidelines support the use of antenatal corticosteroids in pregnancies under 34 weeks at risk of premature delivery, since they are associated with lower morbidity and mortality in this group by accelerating lung maturation and reducing the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. However, there is less evidence of the benefit of antenatal corticosteroids in late preterm deliveries. The objective of this work is to review the current literature regarding the use of antenatal corticosteroids in pregnancies at risk of preterm birth between 34 and 36+6 weeks. Methods: A review of the relevant literature was conducted in PubMed, both in English and Spanish, since 1997. Results: We present studies that demonstrate short-term benefits related to respiratory morbidity in late preterm infants who received antenatal corticosteroids. Nevertheless, some studies show an increased incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia. On the other hand, some studies show long-term negative neurocognitive effects in the same population group. Finally, the current recommendations of various clinical guidelines regarding the use of antenatal corticosteroids in this group are described. Conclusions: Currently, the use of antenatal corticosteroids in late preterm infants is not a standard recommendation for the entire population. There are recent studies that show short-term benefits of its use in this group of patients, however, doubts remain about the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and possible long-term adverse effects in the neuropsychiatric sphere.